2 Corinthians Introduction

The Book of 2 Corinthians is one of the most personal letters written by the Apostle Paul, addressed to the church in Corinth. This epistle deals with themes such as reconciliation, forgiveness, and the encouragement of church unity. Paul defends his apostleship and authority, sharing his own experiences of suffering, ministry, and comfort in Christ. The letter highlights the importance of genuine faith and the power of God's grace in overcoming weaknesses. Paul's teachings underscore the spiritual and moral growth expected in the life of believers, promoting a gospel-centered ethic of humility, sincerity, and love.

Chapter 1
Paul opens by blessing God for His comfort in affliction, which enables them to comfort others. He shares his hardships in Asia, where he felt overwhelmed and despaired of life, emphasizing reliance on God who raises the dead. Paul discusses his change in travel plans, stressing his intentions were sincere and aimed at sparing the Corinthians further grief. He ends the chapter affirming his confidence in their mutual faith and the assurance they have through Christ.

Chapter 2
Paul explains his reasons for not visiting Corinth, aiming to avoid causing them pain. He urges forgiveness and comfort for a repentant offender to prevent overwhelming sorrow. Paul shares his anxiety over not finding his fellow worker Titus in Troas, despite an open door for ministry. He describes his ministry as a "triumphal procession" in Christ and a fragrance of life or death to those who hear the gospel, highlighting the seriousness of his apostolic duty.

Chapter 3
This chapter compares the old covenant, symbolized by the Law written on stone, with the new covenant of the Spirit. Paul asserts the Spirit gives life, unlike the letter that brings death. He speaks of the Corinthians as his letter of recommendation, written on his heart. The ministry of the Spirit is described as more glorious than that of the Law, which though glorious, was temporary and fading, whereas the Spirit's work is permanent and transformative.

Chapter 4
Paul describes the resilience of his ministry despite persecution, emphasizing that he carries the life of Jesus within his mortal body. He contrasts the transient nature of earthly struggles with eternal glory. The chapter portrays the gospel as a treasure in clay jars, signifying the apostles' vulnerability contrasted with God's surpassing power. Paul ends by focusing on the unseen, eternal aspects of their struggles, fostering hope and perseverance.

Chapter 5
This chapter discusses the assurance of resurrection and the heavenly dwelling awaiting believers, contrasting it with earthly existence. Paul speaks of living by faith, not by sight, and the aim to please God. He elaborates on the role of believers as Christ's ambassadors and the concept of reconciliation with God through Christ. Paul emphasizes that Christians are new creations, tasked with the ministry of reconciliation, representing God's appeal through them.

Chapter 6
Paul urges the Corinthians not to receive God's grace in vain, recounting his hardships and integrity in ministry to prove his dedication. He lists the trials and virtues that characterize his apostleship. The chapter calls for the Corinthians to open their hearts to Paul and warns against being unequally yoked with unbelievers, emphasizing purity in personal and communal faith practices.

Chapter 7
In response to his previous severe letter, Paul rejoices over the Corinthians' repentance and their comfort toward Titus. He discusses godly sorrow leading to repentance and salvation, contrasting it with worldly sorrow leading to death. Paul praises their eagerness, vindication, and zeal in response to his corrections, expressing his happiness that despite causing them initial pain, his actions led to spiritual benefits for the community.

Chapter 8
Paul discusses the grace of giving, using the Macedonian churches as an example of generosity despite their severe trial and poverty. He encourages the Corinthians to excel in this grace as well. Paul highlights the principles of fairness and willingness in giving, and he introduces Titus and another brother, commended to the Corinthians, who will oversee the collection for the Jerusalem church.

Chapter 9
Paul continues to encourage generous giving, assuring that those who sow sparingly will also reap sparingly, and vice versa. He emphasizes that giving should be cheerful, not reluctant or under compulsion. Paul discusses the benefits of generosity: it meets needs, results in thanksgiving to God, and increases the fruits of righteousness. He concludes with praise to God for His indescribable gift.

Chapter 10
Paul defends his authority and ministry, contrasting his meekness when present with his boldness when absent. He argues against those who boast about outward achievements, asserting that his area of influence, given by God, includes Corinth. Paul warns he will use his authority to discipline if necessary and advises against comparing oneself with others, emphasizing that approval comes from the Lord.

Chapter 11
Paul expresses concern that the Corinthians might be led astray from the simplicity in Christ, comparing the situation to Eve's deception. He defends his apostleship by reluctantly boasting of his sufferings and Jewish heritage to counter the false apostles who boast in fleshly achievements. Paul details his hardships and dangers faced during his missions to underline his dedication and surpassing care for the churches.

Chapter 12
Paul continues reluctantly boasting of his visions and revelations, particularly of being caught up to the third heaven. However, he focuses more on his weaknesses and the "thorn in his flesh" given to keep him humble. Despite pleading for its removal, God's response was, "My grace is sufficient for you, for My strength is made perfect in weakness." Paul takes pride in his infirmities, for Christ's power rests on him.

Chapter 13
Paul warns of his upcoming third visit and the intention to not spare those who sinned earlier. He urges self-examination and faithfulness, emphasizing Christ's power in dealing with wrongdoing. The letter concludes with a call for restoration, encouragement, unity, and peace, alongside a benediction invoking the love of God, the grace of Jesus, and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit.