2 Corinthians 13
In this chapter, Paul concludes his letter with a final warning and an exhortation to self-examination and restoration. He emphasizes the need for the Corinthians to prepare for his upcoming visit by correcting their behaviors and reaffirming their commitment to Christ. This chapter encapsulates Paul’s desire for the church to be strong in faith and to live in peace, underscoring his pastoral care and authority.
2 Corinthians 13:1-2 (NKJV)
1 This will be the third time I am coming to you. “By the mouth of two or three witnesses every word shall be established.”
2 I have told you before, and foretell as if I were present the second time, and now being absent I write to those who have sinned before and to all the rest, that if I come again I will not spare—
Paul emphasizes the biblical principle that matters of correction must be established by "two or three witnesses" (Deuteronomy 19:15). In this case, it is very likely that Paul refers to his repeated interactions with the Corinthian church—his first visit, his written warnings, and his impending third visit—serving as "witnesses" to their spiritual condition. His approach highlights that he has been patient and thorough, giving them ample opportunity to repent and heed correction. Paul’s use of this legal principle demonstrates that his judgment is fair, deliberate, and aligned with God’s justice. It also reminds believers of the seriousness of accountability and the necessity of self-examination to avoid spiritual consequences.
2 Corinthians 13:3-4 (NKJV)
3 since you seek a proof of Christ speaking in me, who is not weak toward you, but mighty in you.
4 For though He was crucified in weakness, yet He lives by the power of God. For we also are weak in Him, but we shall live with Him by the power of God toward you.
Paul responds to those questioning his authority by pointing to the power of Christ, who, though crucified in weakness, lives by the power of God. Paul acknowledges that, like Christ, he may seem weak in their eyes due to his humility and suffering, but just as Christ’s resurrection demonstrated God’s power, Paul’s ministry also carries divine strength for correction and edification. This passage illustrates that true spiritual strength often appears as weakness in the world’s eyes but is made evident in the fruit of God's power. For example, Christ’s victory was accomplished through His death on the cross, which seemed like defeat to many but was, in reality, the greatest triumph. In the same way, a faithful servant may endure trials quietly, yet God's power is revealed through their perseverance, changed lives, and unwavering commitment to the truth.
2 Corinthians 13:5-6 (NKJV)
5 Examine yourselves as to whether you are in the faith. Test yourselves. Do you not know yourselves, that Jesus Christ is in you?—unless indeed you are disqualified.
6 But I trust that you will know that we are not disqualified.
Paul challenges the Corinthians to examine themselves to see whether they are truly in the faith. Instead of continuing to question Paul’s authority, they should reflect on their own spiritual condition and whether Christ truly lives in them. This self-examination is not meant to bring doubt but to prompt honest reflection and ensure they are living in harmony with Christ’s teachings. Paul is confident that he has passed the test of faithfulness in his ministry and hopes they will recognize it too. This reminds believers that the goal is not to judge others but to ensure their own hearts and actions align with Christ’s character. Just as a person tests metal to ensure it is genuine, Christians must assess their faith by their trust in God, obedience, and the presence of the Spirit’s transforming power in their lives.
2 Corinthians 13:7-8 (NKJV)
7 Now I pray to God that you do no evil, not that we should appear approved, but that you should do what is honorable, even though we may seem disqualified.
8 For we can do nothing against the truth, but for the truth.
Paul clarifies that his prayers for their proper conduct are not for his own vindication but for their moral integrity. He emphasizes that his ministry's goal aligns solely with the truth of the Gospel, underscoring that his actions and teachings aim to promote truth, not personal gain.
2 Corinthians 13:9-10 (NKJV)
9 For we are glad when we are weak and you are strong. This also we pray, that you may be made complete.
10 Therefore I write these things being absent, lest being present I should use sharpness, according to the authority which the Lord has given me for edification and not for destruction.
Paul expresses his heartfelt desire for the spiritual maturity and strength of the Corinthians, even if it means he appears weak in their eyes. His ultimate goal is not to assert authority for punishment but to build them up in faith and righteousness. He prays for their restoration, hoping they will correct their wrongs before his arrival so that he won’t need to use his authority harshly. This passage highlights Paul’s pastoral heart—he desires to correct with gentleness, not severity, emphasizing that true spiritual leadership aims to strengthen and restore rather than to tear down. It serves as a reminder that God's discipline, whether through leaders or trials, is always meant to lead to growth, healing, and spiritual restoration.
2 Corinthians 13:11-13 (NKJV)
11 Finally, brethren, farewell. Become complete. Be of good comfort, be of one mind, live in peace; and the God of love and peace will be with you.
12 Greet one another with a holy kiss.
13 All the saints greet you.
Paul concludes with a series of exhortations to unity, peace, and mutual affection, reflecting his pastoral concern for their well-being and spiritual health. These final instructions encapsulate his desire for harmony within the church and the presence of God's love and peace among them.
2 Corinthians 13:14 (NKJV)
14 The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the communion of the Holy Spirit be with you all. Amen.
Paul concludes with a blessing that encompasses the fullness of God's relationship with believers: the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, the love of God the Father, and the communion of the Holy Spirit. This verse highlights how believers experience the presence and work of God in their lives. The grace of Christ represents His sacrifice and gift of salvation, the love of the Father reflects His deep care and mercy, and the communion of the Holy Spirit is the personal presence of the Father and the Son in their hearts. The Holy Spirit is not a separate third being but rather the omnipresence of God—the way the Father and Son manifest themselves to guide, comfort, and empower believers when they are not physically present. This reinforces the intimacy of God's connection with His people and the assurance that His presence is always with them, even when unseen.